Practical, example-rich introduction to Web programming with PHP-Covers all the fundamentals: file system manipulation, strings, arrays, regular expressions, forms, sessions, cookies, and much more.
Thoroughly prepares students to create the Web applications that represent PHPs primary area of usage. Detailed introduction to PHP 5 object-oriented programming-Fully reflects PHP 5s major object-oriented improvements.
Helps students use the object-oriented techniques that will increasingly dominate PHP programming.
Complete section on PHPs e-mail features-Includes full chapters on accessing IMAP mail servers, writing MIME email in PHP, and accessing NNTP news servers.
Teaches students how to use PHP to automate a wide range of real-world e-mail tasks for business and other environments.
Start-to-finish coverage of data access, including XML-based techniques-Covers everything from basic database access to XML parsing, SOAP, and XSLT.
Teaches students how to build powerful Web applications and services that leverage data from virtually any source.
Advanced coverage-Contains detailed coverage that experienced PHP programmers have been searching for, including chapters on wireless applications and COM integration.
Grows with students to help them accomplish complex leading-edge tasks with PHP.
Author Bio
PHP 5 Unleashed Lead Author
John Coggeshall is a Technical Consultant for Zend Technologies where he provides professional services to clients around the world. He got started with PHP in 1997 and is the author of two published books and over 100 articles on PHP technologies with some of the biggest names in the industry such as Sams Publishing, Apress and O'Reilly. John also is a active contributor to the PHP core as the author of the tidy extension, a member of the Zend Education Advisory Board, and frequent speaker at PHP-related conferences worldwide. His web site, http://www.coggeshall.org/ is an excellent resource for any PHP developer.
Contributing Authors
Christian Wenz is author or coauthor of more than three dozen books. He specializes in Web technologies, with focus on Web scripting languages and Web services. He frequently writes for IT magazines and speaks at national and international conferences. Christian maintains or co-maintains several PEAR packages and is Germany's very first Zend Certified Engineer. Christian contributed eight chapters to PHP 5 Unleashed. He lives and works in Munich, Germany.
Sara Golemon is an application developer at the University of California at Berkeley as well as a contributor to the PHP project and other Open Source applications. She helps maintain the PHP streams layer and miscellaneous core extensions and has made more than 400 individual contributions to the online manual, authoring entire reference sections and appendixes. Sara is also the lead developer of nine PECL extensions, including Runkit, Classkit, Parsekit, OggVorbis, and OpenAL.
J. Scott Johnson is the founder of Feedster.com, a leading provider of XML Search Services. He is also the founder of NTERGAID, Inc., and was previous Vice President of Engineering for Mascot, Network. He is a leading blogger, author, and software developer.
Ben Ramsey is a Technology Manager for Hands On Network, an international, non-profit volunteer organization based in Atlanta, Georgia. Before his move to the non-profit sector, he worked for four years as the Technology Director for Roswell, Georgia-based EUREKA! Interactive, Inc. With EUREKA!, he served as the software architect and lead programmer of numerous Web-based applications for local governments and small businesses. He is a Zend Certified Engineer and co-founder of Atlanta PHP.
Marco Tabini is the publisher of php|architect (http://www.phparch.com), the premier magazine for PHP professionals, and has worked on websites for clients ranging from small startup operations to the Fortune 500s. Despite having been an IT industry professional for the last 15 years, he still manages to maintain a reasonable level of sanity-at least most of the time.
Aron Hsiao is a Linux enthusiast with over a decade of administrative Unix experience. He has worked in various capacities in network deployment, in software and web development, and in the online retail industry. He served as the About.com guide to Linux from 1997 through 2001 and holds a Masters degree in the Social Sciences from the University of Chicago. He is the author of The Concise Guide to XFree86 for Linux, Sams Teach Yourself Red Hat Desktop All In One, and other popular Linux titles.
© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Introduction.
Organization of the Book
I. WORKING WITH PHP FOR GENERAL WEB DEVELOPMENT.
1. Basic PHP Development.
How PHP Scripts Work
Basic PHP Syntax
Basic PHP Data Types
Variable Manipulation
Control Structures
Logical Control Structures
Repetition Control Structures
Embedding Control Structures
User-Defined Functions
Dynamic Variables and Functions
Dynamic Variables
Dynamic Functions
Multiple File PHP Scripts
References
Variable References
References Used in Functions
Strings in PHP
Speed and Efficiency of String Expressions
Comparing Strings
Advanced String Comparison
Comparing Phrases
Search and Replacement
Replacing Strings
Formatting Strings
Alternatives to printf()
Strings and Locales
Formatting Currency Values
Formatting Date and Time Values
Summary
2. Arrays.
Basic Arrays
Array Syntax
Working with Arrays
Implementing Arrays
Using an Array as a List
Using Arrays as a Sortable Table
Using Arrays as a Lookup Table
Converting from Strings to Arrays and Back
More Array Materials
3. Regular Expressions.
The Basics of Regular Expressions
Limitations of the Basic Syntax
POSIX Regular Expressions
Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)
Named Patterns
PCRE Modifiers
A Few Final Words
4. Working with Forms in PHP.
HTML Forms 101
How Forms Are Created
HTML Widgets
Working with Form Submissions in PHP
Retrieving Form Values
Using Arrays as Widget Names
Handling File Uploads
Summary
5. Advanced Form Techniques.
Data Manipulation and Conversion
Dealing with Magic Quotes
Data Conversion and Encoding
Serialization
Form Data Integrity
Securing Hidden Elements
The protect() Function
The validate() Function
Putting protect() and validate() into Action
Form Processing
Basic Form Processing and Validation
General-Purpose Form Validation
Separation of Presentation from Validation
Summary
6. Persistent Data Using Sessions and Cookies.
HTTP Cookies
Cookie Features and Restrictions
How Cookies Are Implemented
Implementing Cookies in Your Scripts
PHP Sessions
Basic Session Use
Session Propagation
Advanced Sessions
Custom Session Handling
Customizing Session Support
Summary
7. Using Templates.
The What and Why of Templates
Separating Common Elements from Code
A (Quick) Template System Example
The Smarty Template Engine
Installing Smarty
Basic Smarty: Variables and Modifiers
Configuration Files and Functions
Summary
II. ADVANCED WEB DEVELOPMENT.
8. PEAR.
What Is PEAR?
A Code Library
A Coding Standard
A System for Distribution and Maintenance
The PHP Foundation Classes
The PEAR Package Manager
A Diverse Community
Getting and Installing PEAR
On *NIX Systems
On Windows Systems
Through a Web Browser
Using the PEAR Package Manager
Listing Packages
Finding Packages
Installing and Upgrading Packages
Uninstalling Packages
Alternative Installation Methods
Using the PEAR Website
Browsing the Package List
Searching for a Package
Downloading and Installing a Package
Using PEAR Packages in Applications
Setting Up php.ini
Including the Package
Using Packages Not Installed Through pear
Summary
Reference
Mailing Lists/Newsgroups
WWW
Other
9. XSLT and Other XML Concerns.
Relating XML to HTML
Using XSLT to Describe HTML Output Using XML Input
XSL Stylesheets
XSLT File Format Basics
Commonly Used XSLT Instructions
Using XSLT Instruction Elements with XSLT Patterns
Sample XML to HTML Transformation Using XSLT
PHP4 and XSLT Using the DOM XML Module
Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and DOM XML
DOM XML Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users
Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via DOM XML
PHP4 and XSLT Using the XSLT Module
Sample Transformation Using PHP4 and XSLT
XSLT Functions and Properties of Note
Including XSLT Support in PHP4 via XSLT
PHP5 and XSLT
Sample Transformation Using PHP5
PHP5 Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT Users
Including XSL Support in PHP5
Accessing XML Data Using SimpleXML
Using SimpleXML in PHP Scripts
Additional Notes About SimpleXML in PHP Scripts
Generating XML Documents Using PHP
Functions and Properties for Storing XML Objects as Files
Summary
References
10. Debugging and Optimizations.
Debugging Your PHP Scripts
Syntax-Related Bugs
Logical Bugs
Optimizing Your PHP Scripts
The Secret to Finding Optimizations-Profiling
Common PHP Bottlenecks and Solutions
Summary
11. User Authentication.
Authenticating Users in PHP
Why?
Using HTTP Authentication with Apache
Using HTTP Authentication
Using PHP Sessions
Securing PHP Code
Register--Globals
Maximum Error
Trust No One-Especially Not User Data
Printing User Data
Working with Files
Working with Databases
Summary
12. Data Encryption.
Shared Secret Versus Public Key
Shared Secret Algorithms
Phrase Substitution
Character Substitution
Taking It Further
Stronger Encryption Algorithms
Public Key Cryptography
The RSA Algorithm
Signing Versus Safeguarding
Man in the Middle
Using Public Keys in PHP
SSL Streams
Generating a Public Key Certificate and Private Key
Encrypting/Decrypting Data
Encrypting and Sending Secure Emails Using S/MIME
Summary
13. Object-Oriented Programming in PHP.
Why Objects?
Creating Basic Classes
Private, Protected, and Public
Constructors and Destructors
Class Constants
Static Methods
Class Inheritance
Advanced Classes
Abstract Classes and Methods
Interfaces
Final Classes and Methods
Special Methods
Getters and Setters
The ----call() Method
The ----toString() Method
Class Autoloading
Object Serialization
Exceptions
Understanding the Call Stack
The Exception Class
Throwing and Catching Exceptions
Iterators
Summary
14. Error Handling.
The PHP Error-Handling Model
Error Types
What to Do About Errors
The Default Error Handler
Error Suppression
Custom Error Handlers
Causing Errors
Putting It All Together
Summary
15. Working with HTML/XHTML Using Tidy.
Introduction
Basic Tidy Usage
Parsing Input and Retrieving Output
Cleaning and Repairing Documents
Identifying Problems Within Documents
Tidy Configuration Options
Tidy Options at Runtime
Tidy Configuration Files
Using the Tidy Parser
How Documents Are Stored in Tidy
The Tidy Node
Applications of Tidy
Tidy as an Output Buffer
Converting Documents to CSS
Reducing Bandwidth Usage
Beautifying Documents
Extracting URLs from a Document
Summary
16. Writing Email in PHP.
The MIME Protocol
Implementing MIME Email in PHP
The MIMEContainer and MIMESubcontainer Classes
The MIMEAttachment, MIMEContent, and MIMEMessage Classes
Summary
III. BUILDING APPLICATIONS IN PHP.
17. Using PHP for Console Scripting.
Core CLI Differences
Working with PHP CLI
Command-Line Arguments and Return Codes
CLI Tools and Extensions
The Readline Extension
Creating User Interfaces
Summary
18. SOAP and PHP.
What Are Web Services?
Transport with SOAP
Description with WSDL
Directory Lookup with UDDI
Installation
Creating Web Services
Consuming Web Services
Looking for Web Services
Summary
19. Building WAP-Enabled Websites.
What Is WAP?
System Requirements
Nokia Mobile Internet Toolkit
Ericsson WapIDE
Openwave SDK
Motorola Wireless IDE/SDK
Introduction to WML
WML Structure
Text
Links
Graphics
WML Forms
Serving WAP Content
MIME Types
Web Server Configuration
Setting MIME Type from PHP
Client Detection
Displaying Graphics
Sample Applications
Server-Side Form Data Processing
WAP Cinema Reservation System
Summary
IV. I/O, SYSTEM CALLS, AND PHP.
20. Working with the File System.
Working with Files in PHP
Reading and Writing Text Files
Reading and Writing Binary Files
Working with Directories in PHP
File Permissions
How Unix Permissions Work
Working with Permissions from PHP
File Access Support Functions
Logic Functions
File Manipulation
Specialized File Access
Summary
21. Network I/O.
DNS/Reverse DNS Lookups
Retrieving the DNS Record by IP
Retrieving IP Addresses Based on Hostname
Determining DNS Record Information
Socket Programming
Socket Basics
Creating a New Socket
Dealing with Socket Errors
Creating Client Sockets
Creating Server Sockets
Working with Multiple Sockets at Once
Network Helper Functions
Summary
22. Accessing the Underlying OS from PHP.
Introduction
Unix-Specific OS Functionality
Direct Input and Output (I/O)
PHP POSIX Functions
Unix Process Control
Platform-Independent System Functions
Executing Applications from PHP
Basic External Application Execution
Single-Direction External Command Pipes
Dealing with the System Environment
A Brief Note About Security
Summary
V. WORKING WITH DATA IN PHP.
23. Introduction to Databases.
Using the MySQL Client
Basic MySQL Usage
RDBMS Fundamentals
Performing Queries Using SQL
Summary
24. Using MySQL with PHP.
Performing Queries from PHP
MySQLi Basics
Executing Multiple Queries
Creating a Visitor-Tracking System
Prepared Statements
Transactions
A MySQLi Session Handler
What Is a Custom Session Handler?
Defining Your Own Session Handler
The MySQLi Session Handler
Summary
25. Using SQLite with PHP.
What Makes SQLite Unique?
General Differences Between SQLite and MySQL
How SQLite Deals with Textual and Numeric Types
How SQLite Treats NULL Values
Accessing a Database from Multiple Processes
Basic SQLite Functionality
Opening and Closing Databases
Performing Queries
Retrieving Results
Handling Errors
Navigating Resultsets
Working with PHP UDFs in SQLite
Calling PHP Functions in SQL Queries
Odds and Ends
Summary
26. PHP's dba Functions.
Preparations and Settings
Creating a File-Based Database
Writing Data
Reading Data
Sample Application
Conclusion
VI. GRAPHICAL OUTPUT WITH PHP.
27. Working with Images.
Basic Image Creation Using GD
Retrieving Image information
Using the PHP/GD Drawing Functions
Drawing Line-Based Geometric Shapes
Drawing Curved Surfaces
Filled Shapes and Image Functions
Working with Colors and Brushes
Working with the Image Palette
Drawing Using Brushes
Using Fonts and Printing Strings
Using GD's Internal Fonts
Using TrueType Fonts
Using Postscript Type 1
General Image Manipulation
Copying One Image to Another
Other Graphics Functions
EXIF Functions
Summary
28. Printable Document Generation.
A Note Regarding the Examples in This Part
Generating Dynamic RTF Documents
Generating Dynamic PDF Documents
The PDFLib Coordinate System
Using PDFLib Configuration Parameters
Generating PDF Documents from Scratch
Related Resources
VII. APPENDIXES.
Appendix A. Installing PHP5 and MySQL.
Installing PHP5
Linux
Windows
Mac OS X
Installing MySQL and PHP Modules
Linux
Windows
Installing PEAR
Appendix B. HTTP Reference.
What Is HTTP?
PHP Programming Libraries for HTTP Work
Understanding an HTTP Transaction
HTTP Client Methods
What Comes Back: Server Response Codes
HTTP Headers
Encoding
Identifying Clients and Servers
The 'Referer'
Fetching Content from an HTTP Source
Media Types
Cookies: Preserving State and a Tasty Treat
Security and Authorization
Client-Side Caching of HTTP Content
Appendix C. Migrating Applications from PHP4 to PHP5.
Configuration
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
New Behavior of Functions
Further Reading
Appendix D. Good Programming Techniques and Performance Issues.
Common Style Mistakes
Configuration Directives
PHP Is Forgiving, to a Fault
Reinventing the Wheel
Variables-Use Them, Don't Abuse Them
Common Security Concerns
Unintended Consequences
System Calls
Preventing System Call Attacks
Securing File Uploads
Style and Security-Logging
Logging Custom Error Messages
Summary
Appendix E. Resources and Mailing Lists.
Relevant Websites
Mailing Lists and Newsgroups
Index.
